Define the comparison.
State the hypothesis, relevant baseline, and evidence that would count against the idea.
Keep the test honest.
Use information available at the relevant time. Separate exploration from validation and preserve unfavorable findings.
Measure what matters.
Consider uncertainty, trading frictions, downside exposure, and the difference between statistical and economic significance.
Separate evidence from action.
A research result is not, by itself, a reason or authorization to commit capital.
01 / Signal durability
Does the relationship persist?
Examine whether an apparent signal extends beyond the sample that suggested it, and whether an economic explanation survives alternative tests.